Phytochemical and wound healing effects of methanolic extract of salvia multicaulis vahl. in rat

Background: Plants and their phytochemicals have immense potential for the management of different types of wound. Salvia multicaulis Vahl. is an evergreen shrub species, which traditionally used as a wound healing agent

Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate phytochemicals and wound healing activity of S. multicaulis in an excision wound model

Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening tests were performed on the methanol [80%] extract. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed by [DPPH] free radical scavenging test. 2x2 excision wounds were induced in the dorsal area of 30 Wistar rats. Animals were received topical eucerine, 1% phenytoin as well as 5%, 10% and 20% ointments of the plant extract in eucerine base. Wound areas were photographed and wound contraction was calculated as the reduction percentage of wound size compared with zero days. Last day skin samples of wounded area were used for histological evaluations

Results: Collagen deposition for positive control group and A20% were low fibrils and A10% high fibrils and A5% highest fibrils. Total phenolic content was 262.083 +/- 47.15 mg GAE/g extract. IC50 was 54.02 micro g/mL. All concentrations of the extract ointments were significantly effective in the animal model of excision wound [P<0.05] which was also confirmed in histological study

Conclusion: It is concluded that S. multicaulis extract could act as a wound healing agent. This activity is possibly due the high concentrations of phenolic compounds

[Isolation and structure elucidation of secondary metabolites from aerial part of hippomarathrum microcarpum]

Apiaceae family is one of the largest plant families with wide distribution all around the world. The genus Hippomarathrum has 28 species around the world which among them the species H. microcarpum outspread in the North, Northwest, West and Central of Iran, and also Turkey, Caucasus and Iraq. In this study, the main compounds in ethyl acetate extract from aerial parts of the plant Hippomarathrum microcarpum have been studied. The isolation and purification of the compounds were carried out using column chromatography. The structure of isolated compound established according 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data. Two coumarins [osthole and isoimperatorin] and one sterol [beta-sitosterol] have been isolated and identified from ethyl acetate extract. The presence of coumarines like osthole and isoimperatorin in H. microcarpum cause of the importance of this plant. This coumarines have verity of usages in traditional medicine and recent studies have supported most of these usages and revealed new effects of these coumarines. As regard that more research haven't been done about this plant and also because of significance effects of isolated coumarines, it seems necessary to perform further studies on biological effects of this plant

[Antimicrobial effect of Citrus aurantifolia extract on Enterococcus faecalis within the dentinal tubules in the presence of smear layer]

Instrumentation of the root canals results in formation of smear layer which covers the dentinal tubules. In infected teeth, it is ideal to achieve a material that has the ability to remove the smear layer besides antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Citrus aurantifolia extracts [lime juice and rind extract] on Enterococcus faecalis within dentinal tubules in the presence of smear layer. One-hundred and forty dentin tubes were prepared from bovine incisors. After removal the smear layer, the specimens were infected with Enterococcus faecalis. Then, the smear layer was reformed. Test solutions were used as the irrigants in study groups as follows: group 1: 5.25% NaOCl; group 2: 17% EDTA; group 3: NaOCl+EDTA; group 4: Lime juice; group 5: ethanolic rind extract of C.aurantifolia; group 6: 96% ethanol. Dentin chips were collected from inner and outer layers of dentinal walls and optical density was measured. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tamphane tests. In outer layer of dentin, the efficacy of rind extract was less than that of NaOCl+EDTA [P<0.05]. Also Lime juice was less effective than EDTA, NaOCl and NaOCl+EDTA [P<0.05]. In inner layer of dentin, Lime juice was significantly less effective than NaOCl and NaOCl+EDTA [P<0.05]. The efficacy of rind extract was less than that of NaOCl + EDTA [P<0.05]. In the presence of smear layer, the antimicrobial activity of Lime juice was less than that of NaOCl but the efficacy of rind extract was similar to that of NaOCl

ethnopharmacological study on antibacterial activity of some selected plants used in Iranian traditional medicine

Iran is a land of great heritage of ancient medical scholars. Herbal medicines, as a basement of treatment of diseases have been clearly described in the medical texts of these scholars including Rhazes, Avicenna, and others. Numerous plants are introduced in these texts to treat those diseases likely to be infective ones. Few attempts have been made to evaluate ethnopharmacological aspects of these plants. In the present study selected specimens of plants described in ancient Iranian medical texts to treat infective conditions were evaluated for antibacterial activity. The hypothesis of this study was that the plants described in the ancient medical texts possess antibacterial properties. In this study, ten specimens of these plants were selected from various texts. Their scientific terminologies were prepared based on various respected sources. The antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of these herbs, as well as their MICs and MBCs were evaluated according to standard techniques. Results of this study showed that almost all of 10 specimens showed considerable antibacterial activity. The MIC and MBC of some herbs showed strong activity against gram positive and gram negative microorganisms. MICs and MBCs of Heracleum persicum and antibacterial activity of Zea mays are reported for the first time in this study. The antibacterial activity of the selected plants supports their old uses as anti-infective agents. The results of this survey also showed antibacterial activity of Arnebia euchroma [Royle] Johst. and Teucrium polium L. traditionally used as poultice for infective wounds. H. persicumi traditionally used in Iran as spice can play a valuable role in preventing food poisoning. The data of this study supported the importance of ethnopharmacological approach and opened also the new doors to future researches in this field

[Antimicrobial activity of total extract and fractions of geum kokanicum]

Geum kokanicum Regel et schmath, a member of Rosaceae family, is an endemic perennial rhizomatous plant of Iran. This plant has a consideration attention in the treatment of diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, the anti bacterial effects of total extract and fractions of rhizome of plant were investigated. Rhizomes of G. Kokanicum were collected in June 2006 from Bojnourd [khorasan province]. The dried rhizomes were extracted with ethanol to prepare the total extract. Another part of the rhizomes was separately extracted with petrolium ether, dichloromethane, methanol and water successively in order to obtain different fractions. The antibacterial effects of total extract and fractions were investigated with disc diffusion method. The results shows Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible against total extract and methanol fraction. This fraction [10mg/disc] was indicated the largest zone diameters [19mm]. The MIC Values of total extract was investigated. Among the bacterial strains, Staphylococcus epidermitus demonstrated high sensitivity to the total extract of G. kokanicum [0.125mg/ml]. The zone diameters of total extract was 18 mm on S. aureus in 10 mg/disc. Phytochemical analysis of total extract was shown the large amounts of tanan compounds. We suspect the antibacterial effect is for tanan compounds. This was demonstrated by bioautography method analysis of tanan part isolated form methanol fraction